With the increasing popularity of 3D printing technology, more and more personalized customized products came into being. After the completion of 3D printing, how to further improve its surface texture and visual effect has become the focus of many users. As an important means of modern precision machining, laser engraving technology is gradually being widely used in the post-processing of 3D printed parts. This paper will introduce in detail the basic principle, applicable materials, operation steps and matters needing attention of laser engraving of 3D printed parts.

First, the combination principle of laser engraving and 3D printing.

Laser engraving is to locally heat the surface of a material with a high energy density laser beam to make it undergo physical changes such as evaporation, oxidation or discoloration, thus forming permanent patterns, characters or textures on the surface. 3D printed parts are usually made of plastic (such as PLA, ABS), wood composite, metal or resin, some of which have good response to laser and are suitable for engraving.

2. Common 3D printing materials suitable for laser engraving

Not all 3D printing materials are suitable for laser engraving, and choosing suitable materials is the key to successful engraving. The following are some common applicable materials:

-PLA (Polylactic acid): It is sensitive to laser and has clear carving effect, and it is one of the most commonly used carving materials.
-ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene): There will be some smoke when carving, but the pattern effect is good.
-Wood filling material: after carving, it presents natural wood texture, which is very decorative.
-Some resin materials, especially photocurable resin, are excellent in fine carving.

Flexible materials such as nylon and TPU are not recommended for laser engraving because they are easy to melt or deform.

Third, the operation steps

1. Preparation: Ensure that the surface of 3D printed parts is smooth and clean, free of oil or dust. According to the design requirements, use vector drawing software to make carved patterns or texts.
2. Setting parameters: adjust the laser power, engraving speed and focal length according to the materials used. For example, PLA materials generally use 30%-60% power and the speed is controlled at 500-800 mm/min.
3. Fixing the workpiece: place the 3D printed part firmly on the workbench of the laser engraving machine to avoid displacement during engraving.
4. Perform engraving: start the equipment and observe whether the engraving process is normal. After the carving is completed, clean the surface residue.
5. Post-treatment: further beautification treatment such as painting and polishing can be carried out as required.

Fourth, matters needing attention

-Safety first: Smoke and odor will be generated during laser engraving, so the working environment should be well ventilated and protective equipment should be worn.
-Material testing: parameter testing should be carried out on the leftover materials before formal carving to ensure the ideal carving effect.
-Control power: Excessive power may lead to charring or deformation of materials, which will affect the quality of finished products.
-Equipment maintenance: clean the lens and guide rail of the engraving machine regularly to ensure the engraving accuracy and prolong the service life of the equipment.

V. Conclusion

Through laser engraving, 3D printed parts can not only be customized, but also enhance the artistic value and commercial value of products. Whether it is used for product identification, decorative patterns or functional scoring, laser engraving brings more possibilities for 3D printing. As long as you master the right technology and methods, everyone can easily turn ideas into reality. In the future, with the continuous progress of materials and equipment, this technology will show broad application prospects in more fields.